The Legitimacy of Prohibiting Euthanasia

نویسندگان

  • Peter Gildenhuys
  • Charles Dupras
چکیده

Résumé Abstract John Arras se positionne contre la légalisation du suicide assisté par un médecin et celle de l’euthanasie active sur la base des coûts sociaux, qu’il anticipe comme résultat probable de cette légalisation. Arras croit que la légalisation hautement balisée du suicide assisté est le premier pas vers la légalisation de l’euthanasie active sans restriction particulière, une prédiction que je tiens pour acquis pour les besoins du raisonnement. Arras anticipe également des abus au niveau de la pratique du suicide assisté et de l’euthanasie, par les médecins, qui pourraient avoir des conséquences négatives sur de nombreux patients qui s’engagent dans ces processus. Il fait référence à ces conséquences négatives en parlant des coûts sociaux de la légalisation. Mais les coûts sociaux en jeu dans les débats publics courants sont issus de l’implication d’autres personnes que celles de l’agent qui s’engage dans l’activité controversée, plus particulièrement par celles des personnes qui ne peuvent être tenues responsables de porter le fardeau de ces coûts. Malgré certaines interprétations plausibles des prédictions d’Arras à propos de ces abus, la légalisation du suicide assisté par le médecin ou l’euthanasie ne soulève pas ce type de coûts sociaux. Pour cette raison, mais également puisque bannir l’euthanasie n’est pas équitable pour ceux qui pourraient en tirer bénéfice, les pertes calculées en utilité devraient être considérable pour justifier une interdiction. John Arras argues against the legalization of physicianassisted suicide and active euthanasia on the basis of social costs that he anticipates will result from legalization. Arras believes that the legalization of highly restricted physician-assisted suicide will result in the legalization of active euthanasia without special restrictions, a prediction I grant for the sake of argument. Arras further anticipates that the practices of physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia will be abused, so that many patients who engage in these practices will lose out as a result. He refers to these losses as social costs to legalization. But the social costs at play in typical public policy debates are borne by individuals other than the agent who engages in the controversial activity, specifically by people who cannot be held responsible for enduring those costs. Even if plausible interpretations of Arras’ predictions about the abuse of the practice are granted, legalization of physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia brings no social costs of this latter sort. For this reason, and also because a ban on euthanasia is unfair to those who would profit from it, the losses in utility brought about by legalization would have to be very great to justify a ban.

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تاریخ انتشار 2016